Geothermal Energy Essay -- Power Fuel Renewable Resource Global Warmin

Geothermal Energy The Answer to the Energy Problem? Abstract The global community is currently searching for impudently sources of heartiness that are not detrimental to the environment, that are cost effective, and that will be able to provide for the current and future demand for brawn. Geothermal zip is one of the promising alternatives to fossil fuels because it releases no toxic or greenhouse gas emissions, its current cost is decreasing yearly, and it is a continuous source of energy. It is a clean and efficient energy source that has the capabilities to provide for a majority of the power used in the residential, commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors. This paper will view the current and most efficient methods of mass producing geothermal energy, its cost effectiveness, environmental impact of production, the amount of power it can generate, and will determine if geothermal energy could be the answer to the worlds energy problem Introduction The United State s is faced with a major problem finding new energy sources that would not release pollutants released in the atmosphere. The search has been fruitful, with great development in solar, and wind technologies, but they remain much too expensive to mass produce and both have sporadic productions of energy due to a heavy reliance on the weather. Yet this search has also resulted in the growth and conquest of geothermal energy, which provides a continuous stream of heat energy from within the Earth. The geothermal field is quickly growing, making this renewable energy source a competitor amongst fossil fuels and a great hope for the future. BackgroundGeothermal energy is heat from within the Earth. This heat energy is either steam or hot water that collects ... ...hermal ply Production Jan 16 2008, Mark A. Taylor http//www.geoenergy.org/publications/reports/Geothermal_Production_and_Development_Update_January_16_2008.html -The State of Geothermal Subsurface Technology Part1, November 2 007, Mark A. Taylor -http//www.geo-energy.org/aboutGE/basics.asp -US Department of Energy Geothermal Power Plants http//www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/powerplants.html -Energy Information Association http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/grothermal.html -US energy consumption Data tables http//www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renwables/page/rea_data/rea.pdf -Geothermal Power- Energy America -http//www.energyamericaini.com/index.php/geo_power/ -National Geothermal Collaborative -Common Questions about Geothermal Energy http//www.geocollaborative.org/publications/common_questions_About_Geothermal_energy.pdf

Eastern Flight 401 Essays -- Essays Papers

Eastern Flight 401An Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 crashed at 2342 eastern standard time, December 29, 1972, 18.7 miles west-northwest of Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida. The aircraft was destroyed. Of the 163 passengers and 13 crewmembers aboard, 94 passengers and 5 crewmembers received fatal injuries. Two survivors died later as a result of their injuries.Following a missed approach because of a suspected roll gear malfunction, the aircraft climbed to 2, 000 feet mean sea level and proceeded on a westerly headspring. The three flight crewmembers and a jumpseat occupant became engrossed in the malfunction.The National rapture Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the flightcrew to monitor the flight instrument during the final 4 minutes of flight, and to detect an unexpected race soon enough to prevent impact with the ground. Preoccupation with a malfunction of the nose landing gear position indicating system di stracted the crews attention from the instruments and allowed the billet to go unnoticed.As a result of the investigation of this accident, the Safety Board has made recommendations to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.This tragic accident was preventable by not only the flight crew, but maintenance and air traffic control personnel as well. On December 29, 1972, ninety-nine of the one nose candy and seventy-six people onboard lost their lives needlessly. As is the case with most accidents, this one was certainly preventable. This accident is unique because of the different people that could have prevented it from happening. The NTSB determined that the probable cause of this accident was the failure of the flightcrew. This is true the flight crew did fail, however, others share the responsibility for this accident. Equally responsible w present maintenance personnel, an Air Traffic Controllers, the system, and a 20 cent light bulb. What continues is a discussion on, what happened, why it happened, what to do about it and what was done about it.Maintenance personnel should have replaced a faulty indicator light bulb for the nose gear. The filament in the bulb was detached from one of the two mountings. That enabled the bulb to illuminate intermittently. When the maintenance personnel serviced the aircraft, they found the light... ...3 free? CAM-4 Wheel-well lights on? CAM-3 Yeah wheel well lights always on if the gears down CAM-1 Now try it 23.4140 APP Eastern, ah 401 how are things comin along out there? 23.4144 RDO-1 Okay, wed like to turn around and come, come back in CAM-1 Clear on left? CAM-2 Okay 23.4147 APP Eastern 401 turn left heading one eight zero 23.4150 CAM-1 Huh? 23.4151 RDO-1 One eighty 23.4205 CAM-2 We did something to the altitude CAM-1 What?23.4207 CAM-2 Were still at two thousand right? 23.4209 CAM-1 Hey, whats happening here? CAM Sound of click 23.4210 CAM Sound of six beeps similar to radio altimeter incre asing in rate 23.4212 .... Sound of impactReferences1. Mr. Johnson was an air traffic control instructor at Miami International Airport.2. National conveyance Safety Board Abstract Available Online http//www.rpi.edu/dept/union/raf/public/NTSB_Accident_abstracts3. Air Disaster.com AvailableOnline http//www.airdisaster.com/cvr/cvr_ea401.htmlTitle Eastern Air Lines, Inc., L-1011, N310EA, Miami, Florida, December 29, 1972. NTSB Report Number AAR-73-14, adopted on 06/14/1973 NTIS Report Number PB-222359/2

Comparing the Deceitful Women of Homers Odyssey and the Bible Essay

The Deceitful Wo men of Homers Odyssey and the BibleAcross all barriers, women have everlastingly brought pain, suffering, and aguish to the men as demonstrated in both Homers Odyssey and the Bible. With their beauty and grace, temptresses like the Sirens and Delilah lure men into their grasps, only to later steer them to their ruin. otherwise times, they use their cunning abilities and deception, as Circe and Jezebel did, in order to entice men into doing things that they normally would never accede to do. Moreover, most tragedies, disasters, and misfortunes are essentially caused by women as demonstrated by Helen, who caused the Trojan War, and Eve, who caused the exile of all mankind from the Garden of Eden and is the mother of all sin. The women of the Odyssey and the women of the Bible, through astute manipulation and seduction, inflict some tribulations, which in due course cause the pains and destruction of mankind. First, one of the most obvious examples of ho w seductresses lead men to disaster is the Sirens. The Sirens in the Odyssey are the personifications of lure and, as Circes puts it, enchanters of mankind (Odyssey 12.41-42). They spend their days luring men like Odysseus with their sweat melodious voices, and those men eventually find their deaths upon the feet of the Sirens. They sit in their meadow, but the shore before it is pile with bone heaps of men now rotted away, and the skins shrivel upon them (Odyssey12.45-46). Odysseuss immediate, visceral desires for the Sirens distract him from his nostos, or homeward journey. It is only by his apprehension from Circes that keeps him and his men from destruction at the feet of the Sirens. Similarly, in the Bible, Delilah is the rogue ... ... Garden of Eden. Ultimately, women are the cause of all anguish in the world. With their beauty and charm, they ensnare men into their ruses. They also use their acumen and intelligence to seduce men to their deaths. Plus, women are capable and do cause massive atrocious destruction. The women of the Bible and the women of the Odyssey are intelligible examples of how women cause the undoing of mankind. Works Cited and Consulted Diana Buitron-Oliver and Beth Cohen, Between Skylla and Penelope Female Characters of the Odyssey in Archaic and Classical Greek Art, pp. 29-58. Graham, A. J. The Odyssey, History, and Women, Princeton 1992 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York 1996 The Bible The Old Testament. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall et al. Vol 1. seventh ed. New York Norton, 1999. 47-97.

Applying the Nursing Code of Ethics to Patient Care Essay -- Nursing P

Nurses have the greatest potential for improving a patients well-being. As a profession, guards need to promote the incumbrance values and code of Ethics amongst them. Nurse practitioners are required to understand and practice the specific knowledge and skills of core values such as nurse caring, advocacy, holism and professionalism to assist the patients in their critical condition (Volp 2007a). This essay will discuss the core values of responsible nursing practice and code of moral philosophy in relation to the young patient who is suffering from paraplegia. PaternalismA policy or practice of treating people patients in a fatherly manner, especially by providing for their needs without giving them responsibilities. Paternalistic practices, wherein providers confer a treatment or service upon a person or persons without their consent, ostensibly by reason of their curb autonomy or diminished capacity, are widespread in healthcare and in societies around the world. Numerous iss ues surround paternalistic practices (Cody WK). So doctors and nurses make conclusiveness about the treatment of patients or their clients, but it is against the patients choices or thoughts, according to doctors and nurses, it is beneficial for the patient (Jones). On the other hand, when patient take free decision then they will get some self-harm, so, conflict arises between the nurses those are on duty of the patient care and the patients repair to autonomy. Frequently, nurses and other medical staff used the paternalistic action to resolve the problem (Jones). According to the Jones (p.379) suggested that, paternalism and autonomy as two inversely varying parameters along a spectrum of independence. Moreover, nurses and doctors created an imbalance between... ...ier, item AN 11355240. Johnstone, M 2005, Ethics and Professional practice, in J Crisp & Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia.Lane, P, OBrien, U, Gooney, MA & Reid, T 2005, The progression of holism into postgraduate curricula in critical care nursing, Dimensions of critical care nursing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 131-138, viewed 6 May 2011, EBSCOhost database schoolman Search Premier, item AN 17099480. Moore C 2008, A caring nurse, Bella Online The Voice of Women, viewed 1 March 2011, http//www.bellaonline.com/articles/art43027.asp Rowe, J 2005, Nursing the art of caring, in J Crisp & Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing, Brisbane, Australia. Taylor, C 2005, Managing Client Care in J Crisp & C Taylor (eds.), Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing, Melbourne, Australia.

Normalization of Genomic DNA Using Duplex-Specific Nuclease Essay

Whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) is an effective rule for the study of reference sequences in genomes. It generates several sequences data, which result in overlapping sequences eventually. The reorient deoxyribonucleic acid sequences achieved overlapping sequence fiction into contigs that could read through the computer program. The WGS method is not applicable when redundant repetitive sequences exist in astronomic genomes1 (cited in 1). Several methods such as methylation-spanning linker libraries (MSLL), Methylation filtration (MF) and others have used eradicating redundancy in higher plant genomes that depended on the hypermethylation tendency of repetitive sequences. The use of enzymes or a genomic library set up could modify the genome, but it is applicable to limited plant genomes 2-4 (cited in 1). The authors proposed another method in this article called high-C0t DNA analysis that followed DNA renaturation kinetics in which sheared, denatured, and gradually reanne led genomic DNA is used. Then, hydroxyapatite chromatography is used for separation of repetitive sequences (dsDNA) from low-copy sequences (ssDNA). With the help of detailed knowledge of DNA reassociation kinetics and upgrade skills in spectrophotometry, high-C0t DNA analysis can be applied to any genome5-7 (cited in 1). Shagina and others (2010) has discovered duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) normalization technology for genomic DNA (1). It is a simple method that based on hybridization kinetics excluding separation of both ssDNA and dsDNA. The authors isolated DSN enzyme from the Kamchatka crab that is thermostable and specific to dsDNA8 (cited in 1). They first denatured dsDNA that contained repetitive sequence and hydrolyzed it by DSN and then ran PCR on ssDNA (low-... ...tion of normalized cDNA libraries enriched with full-length sequences. Bioorganic Khim. 31170-177. 10Zhulidov PA, Bogdanova EA, Shcheglov AS, Vagner LL, Khaspekov GL, Kozhemyako VB, Matz MV, Meleshkevitch E . (2004). Simple cDNA normalization using Kamchatka crab duplex-specific nuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 32e37. 11Rodrigue S, Malmstrom RR, Berlin AM, Birren BW, Henn MR, and Chisholm SW. (2009). Whole genome amplification and de novo assembly of single bacterial cells. PLoS One 4e6864. 12Cheung F, Haas BJ, Goldberg SM, May GD, Xiao Y, and Town CD. (2006). Sequencing Medicago truncatula expressed sequenced tags using 454 Life Sciences technology. BMC Genomics 7272. 13Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K. (2001). Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. disposition 409860-921.

John Locke :: Empiricists, Empiricism

John Locke was the son of a country attorney and was natural on August 29, 1632 . He grew up in and during the civil war, and later in 1652, entered the Christ Church, Oxford, where he remained as a student and teacher for many a(prenominal) years. Locke taught and lectured in subjects such as Greek, rhetoric, and Moral philosophy. Lockedisagreed with many of the topics that were taught at the university. Locke, after reading books by Descartes, acquired a strong interest in contemporary philosophic and scientific questions and theories. In 1666, Locke accidentally met with Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st of Shaftesbury, and from then on, this lifelong relationship and association helped to change the course of Locke&8217s career. Cooper made Locke his private secretary and confidential advisor, and also let him hold a number of governmental posts while his patron was in office. In 1675, Locke became very ill and was squeeze to leave his employment and reside for four years in France, where he began his writing. After four years, Locke then returned again to England into Shaftesbury where he once again fall in Cooper&8217s service. Four years later, Cooper was forced to flee to Holland, where Locke, shortly after, followed him. They remained there until the Glorious Revolution of 1688. On his return to England, Locke issued many or works, the chief of these being the Two Treaties of Government, and the Essay Concerning Human Understanding. These writings were immediately successful and they both exerted a vast influence. Between the both of these works, they made the paramount view of position thought through the greater part of the eighteenth century. Also on his return, the new king, William III, appointed Locke to the Board of Trade in 1696, a position from which he resigned because of ill health in 1700. Locke spent peaceful old age in the country household at Oates, of his friends Sir Francis and Lady Masham. He spent the last couple of years revi sing the Essay, replying to his critics, and writing a number of other works on economic,philosophical, and religious topics. Locke died in Oates on October 28, 1704. Locke&8217s Two Treatises of Government (1690) was a well-known and respected document. In the paper, he attacked the theory of diving right of kings and the nature of the state as conceived by the English philosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes.

John Locke :: Empiricists, Empiricism

John Locke was the son of a country attorney and was born on August 29, 1632 . He grew up in and during the civil war, and later in 1652, entered the Christ Church, Oxford, where he remained as a student and teacher for many years. Locke taught and lectured in subjects such as Greek, rhetoric, and Moral philosophy. Lockedisagreed with many of the topics that were taught at the university. Locke, after reading books by Descartes, acquired a strong interest in contemporary philosophical and scientific questions and theories. In 1666, Locke accidentally met with Lord Anthony Ashley make, 1st of Shaftesbury, and from then on, this lifelong relationship and association helped to change the course of Locke&8217s career. Cooper made Locke his personal secretarial assistant and confidential advisor, and also let him hold a number of governmental posts while his patron was in office. In 1675, Locke became very ill and was forced to admit his employment and reside for four years in France, where he began his writing. After four years, Locke then returned again to England into Shaftesbury where he once again joined Cooper&8217s service. Four years later, Cooper was forced to flee to Holland, where Locke, shortly after, followed him. They remained there until the Glorious Revolution of 1688. On his return to England, Locke issued many or works, the nous of these being the cardinal Treaties of Government, and the Essay Concerning Human Understanding. These writings were immediately successful and they both exerted a vast influence. Between the both of these works, they made the dominant horizon of English thought through the greater part of the eighteenth century. Also on his return, the new king, William III, appointed Locke to the Board of Trade in 1696, a military capability from which he resigned because of ill health in 1700. Locke spent peaceful old age in the country household at Oates, of his friends Sir Francis and Lady Masham. He spent the last couple of years revising the Essay, replying to his critics, and writing a number of other works on economic,philosophical, and religious topics. Locke died in Oates on October 28, 1704. Locke&8217s Two Treatises of Government (1690) was a well-known and respected document. In the paper, he attacked the theory of diving right of kings and the nature of the state as conceived by the English philosopher and semipolitical theorist Thomas Hobbes.

Promote communication in health, social care Essay

1.1 The different reasons why people communicate arTo signifier positive relationshipsTo play together cooperativelyTo work togetherInformation sharingApproach and responseTo understand expectations and boundaries.erent ways.1.2 Communication effects relationships in the workplace because there needs to be clear boundaries and expectations for people and this is only achieved through clear communicating. There should be respect between colleagues and with young people so they know the guidelines and rules within the setting and any concerns from the young person is acknowledged. If the communication is non flowing this could lead to lots of problems as their needs will non be met utilely.Read morePromote Communication Essay2.2 The f affectors to consider when promoting effective communication be building positive relationships, being considerate to others, screening respect for each other, being clear on key points and maintaining a good sense of humour. If these factors are followed and taken into consideration then the flow of communication between a carer and young person will be positive. 3.1 When communicating with people from different backgrounds or cultures care and sensitivity should be shown when communicating. We must non be too ready to take offence to a gesture or language that is not the norm in our own culture, and be aware of our own body language and gestures. Care should also be taken with the language used and the tone of voice used and they rout out be misinterpreted.3.2 Barriers to effective communication are Emotional barriers and taboos. Some people may find it difficult to express their emotions and some topics may be completely off-limits or taboo. Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver. The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms Differences in perception and viewpoint. Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties. Physical barriers to no n-verbal communication. Not being suitable to see the non-verbal cues, gestures, posture and general body language can make communication less effective. quarrel differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents. Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping. People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is real said and jump to incorrect conclusions. Cultural differences. The norms of hearty interaction vary greatly in different cultures, as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies between cultures and between different settings.3.5 There are a number of agencies, web sites and courses available that can be accessed to alter individuals to communicate effectively for example families first, government schemes, advocacy services etc. 4.1 The term confidentiality means information that should only be shared with people with a right to adjudge it. This is vital a s young people in care will often have information about their backgrounds or family biography that should only be divulged to those who need to know. Sometimes there will be information about a electric shavers history that should only be shared with that child when they are ready to cope with it and could be detrimental if divulged early.4.3 When and if you need to disclose information that you have received in confidence then it can arrive at tension and distrust. You are therefore better explaining to a person who may disclose to you that anything disclosed would have to be shared with the relevant professionals. If this is shared from the head start trust will not be lost and more importantly the young person will know why you need to do it. genial unit 4222-33 302 Engage in personal development in health, social care or childrens and young peoples settings 1.1 The duties and responsibilities of my own role is to result a safe and caring environment for children to have a stable upbringing so as to achieve their full potential. 1.2 I have soaring expectations in regards to looking after young people. These are linked to the standards and I am continu entirelyy reminded of how I have met these or should be meeting them. 2.1 To ring at a later date about how we handle situations is very good practice. We can employ hindsight so as to employ more prescience next time. 2.3 Our own values and beliefs are just that, our own. We must be aware that while there are generic morals and beliefs there are also cultural and religious differences that must also be respected.3.1 We can evaluate our own knowledge, performance and understanding with the professionals that make up the fostering team. Our superintend social worker is there for intimate support and guidance when we need it and it is our judgement that we rely on to evaluate our performance. Every year I have an annual review where I am assessed against the standards and my performance is discussed. This is supported by my monthly reports where I write up what has happened during the month, reflecting on how I handled situations that arose. 4.1 My supervising social worker provides me with the help to plan and review my own development. This can be through attending courses, reviews of monthly plans or suggestions of how to help with situations that have arisen and agencies to turn to for spare support. 5.1 Learning activities have helped a great deal as they provide carers with continual development and keeps us open minded and up to date with new situations and ways forward.Unit 4222-33 303 Promote equality and inclusion in health, social care or childrens and young peoples settings 1.1 Diversity- Diversity can be defined (in a care environment) as a broad selection of people from different backgrounds, with different ideas, religion, culture, sexual orientation, ages, disabilities, ethnicity, gender and general beliefs. Equality- Where individuals in society are treated t he same with the same opportunities as each other, given the same chances and human rights as everyone else in society regardless of backgrounds mentioned higher up(Diversity). Inclusion- Inclusion determines the Equal opportunities of all individuals, and enforces the methods to do so.1.2 There are many forms of discrimination. From a workers perspective this could be not given the same job/conditions opportunities as other workers. As a client in a care background, not being given the care they should be entitled to. Also not being given respect for a persons backgrounds, beliefs, ethnicity and needs. This can lead to alienation/segregation, personal growth and in some cases depression and general ill health, repayable to not having respect of a persons background/lifestyle.1.3. I constantly include the young person in my practice to promote equality and support diversity. This allows the childs interests and differences to be taken into account so that the child is happier and healthier etc. An example of this is trying to encourage inclusive schooling, we moved the child in our care to a school that is ASD friendly as the environment he was in was not appropriate. We involved the child in the process at all times, to ensure that he was happy and in agreement with the transition. 2.1 These are the laws I need to adhere toAnti discrimination Act 1977Racial discrimination act 1975Age discrimination act 1975Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001Mental Health Act 1983 and 2007 amended ActCarers (Equal Opportunities) Act 2004 homo Rights Act 1998Race Relations Act 1976 and Race Relations (Amendments) Act 2000 and 2003Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and 1986Disability Discrimination Act 1995I must understand and adhere to the codes of practice and legislation at all times. Also when I am acting as an advocate for our young person I must always ensure that the young person is receiving fair and inclusive practice from organisations be it education or soci al. For example school, social clubs or social service provision. I am constantly ensuring that these are adhered to. 3.3 You should always contend discrimination, merely to do this it is essential that you can recognise anti-discriminatory practice. My role is to protect children from discrimination. If I ignore it when it happens, this will be viewed as condoning (excusing or overlooking) discrimination.If I ignored a child who had felt they had experienced discrimination, who is there to support them. The child could chance that I share the view of the perpetrator or believe that the way they are being treated is normal. They may feel that they are in some way inferior. At the very least, they will feel let down that I did not protect their rights, which is my role.It can be difficult to challenge discrimination, particularly if it is institutional or practised by a colleague, so it is important that I consider how to deal with different and often difficult situations.To be ab le to challenge discrimination I would require knowledge of policy, procedures and practice.If I feel confident about what is good practice, I will be able to deal more effectively with incidents that arise. When discrimination happens it may be intentional, but it can also be because of ignorance and lack of understanding. It is not easy to change the views of others but you must challenge discriminatory comments and actions.When I am concerned about anti-discriminatory practice, I always speak me to my supervising social worker to discuss the event and check that I havecarried out everything in my power to support the young person in my care.

Conflict Resolution in Office Romance Essay

Conflict is inevitable. It is a normal way of life. How we as individuals dig each other depends on our ability to effectively break problems and how we cope with managing change. Some of us are unable to adapt to change therefore, it is expected that difference will occasionally occur. There are different types of conflict that occur in our daily lives as well as in the workplace. However, the topic I choose to discuss as part of this conflict resolution paper is office squeeze that fares conflict. As we all are aware office crush is very common today in our society.It is no secret that people often find love on the job. There is a level of solace and closeness that we share with our subordinates that we sometimes tend to fall in love with them. Office romance is dependent on a number of factors. Office romance can have both positive and negative effects on the working environment as well as work performance. It can cause conflict in the workplace, especially if it is a super visor-subordinate relationship. It can affect the productivity of employees and may lead to sexual harassment and other claims.It can make co-workers ill-fitting and it can be dangerous because it can lead to conflict within the organization. Accusations of favoritism may occur and it may hinder the work performance of the parties tangled as well as the co-workers. After analyzing the office romance that excessivelyk place within the organization and the impact on which it had on employees, the recommended course of action to resolve the actual conflict that will make a difference to the future performance of the organization is to educate the employees on the issue of office romance. Develop a policy that declares what managers expect when it comes to office romance.The parties that are involved give them options such as disclosing the relationship to their boss and deciding who will leave the job if it gets too tough to handle and the parties do not want to terminate the relati onship. Explain to them the actions that management will take if they do not solve the issue themselves. follow up the rules on sexual harassment and office romance. Although, management cannot prohibit office romance, there are steps that they can take to ensure that it does not suffer a problem in the workplace, thus hiring a consultant that will help solve the issue is a good idea.

Single Parenting vs Nuclear Parenting

Although households be supposed to contain two put ups there ar ones that contain only one upraise. A champion p arent is a advance who cares for one or much child without physical help of a nonher parent in the house. Though people looked down upon bingle parenting before, it is now quite common in todays world. According to the unify States Census Bureau the amount of children who live with a sensation parent has increased to a little more than 30 percent.Single parenting is a problem to others since children raised under a household of a single parent are two times more kindredly to end up poor, to give birth outside of marriage, to not graduate from high school, and to let behavioral and mental problems. It is also said that children living in single parent households are more in all likelihood to experience accidents, injuries, and poisonings. Since kids living in single parent homes are more likely to undergo these problems, many people argue that children who liv e in single parent homes bequeath not grow up properly.Although kids are more likely to develop those problems, if single parents raise their children properly their children bequeath be able to avoid those problems. Single parents and other non-traditional families are quite heart-to-heart of raising healthy, well-adjusted children. Those who propose that single parents are not capable of swipeing healthy and well-adjusted children have comprehensible reasons. They worry that the children leave behind drop guidance and attention needed since there is only one parent for them to go to.They also worry that the children will lack gender influence and will need help with relationship problems in the future. At last, they worry that the children will grow up unable being independent and responsible due to their parent babying them too much. I believe the reasons why people are against single parent homes are not very reasonable. great deal propose that children raised by a single parent are not being raised properly. They believe that the child wont be attended to as lots since there is only one parent.That is where they are wrong, because what is family for, right? Many single parents are able to turn to their parents, siblings or extended family quite often for help. People also argue that the child of a single parent will suffer from lack of gender influence. This is basically saying a child will not understand the case of either a male or the role of a female because of deprivation of the other parent. This argument is hinder since the role models of a single parent child could be uncles, aunties, or friends of the parents.Children raised from a single parent are able to grow up with the same(p) amount of guidance and attention as a child reared from two parents. Many people argue that children being raised by a single parent will lack those basic essentials. Many think this because single parents often work a full-time job. I believe this claim is i nvalid but to a certain extent. As long as the parent has contact with family or friends, they, along with the single parent will help go and support the child throughout their life as long as they are around.A life example would be a single parent that has to work. They will call their parents to watch their child. The child will then be taken care of by their grandparents. The grandparents will teach the child what is right from wrong (guidance) something the single parent may not have the time to do. They may also be there for the child when the single parent is not. Since many children crave attention, they like showing their parents their accomplishments from school they obtain. Since a single parent is usually too busy to take the time to notice.By having the grandparents there for the child, the child will more likely be able to receive the attention they wish to receive. Raising a child in a single parent household will not affect the childs future relationships. Others arg ue against this because when children are young, they fall in love with their parent of the opposite sex. For the boys it is the Oedipus complex and for girls it is the Electra complex. Boys later on, end up looking for personality traits which their mother hold and choose a girl found upon those traits for girls they undergo the same affair though they do so based off of their fathers traits.Some children unable to learn this develop relationship problems since they do not know what traits they are searching for in a partner. This task is extremely baffling for single parents to succeed in doing though it is not impossible. A parent can carry out this troublesome task by taking on both roles of the parents as a father and as a mother. Single parenting holds the ability to teach independence and responsibility indirectly to their child. Others think differently, they assume these children wont be ready for the real world due to the amount of babying while growing up.This of course is incorrect because studies show that children of single parents are more independent that those with two parents. Being there only one parent, they are unable to do everything on their own this moderately forces their child to learn to do tasks the parent has not the time to handle, on their own and at a younger age. An example, if a parent is running late for work, their child may have to make their own meal since their mother or their father does not have the time to do so.Individual parents and other non-traditional families are completely able to rear normal, balanced offspring. Single parent children are fully capable of having guidance and attention, learning roles of the opposite gender, and being independent as children with two parents. If you do not believe single parents are able to raise normal children, you are thinking wrong because this type of family makes up about 30 percent of the United States population this number continues to escalate.

Prevalence of Self-Medication Essay

Antibiotic self- medicine among university medical undergraduates in Yankee Nigeria Joseph O. Fadare 1* and Igbiks Tamuno 21Department of Medicine, Kogi State Specialist infirmary, Lokoja, Nigeria 2Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Accepted 20 April, 2011Self-medication is becoming a common type of self-care doings among the population of many countries. Many international studies view investigated the prevalence and nature of self-medication manages at the population train. In Nigeria, some workers have to a fault looked at the population prevalence of self-medication in general however the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication among medical undergraduates has not yet been studied. The aro aim in themeing this practice among this select group is callable to the fact that they are the future prescribers and wellness educators of the population of Nigeria. The battleground was a cross-section(a) pre-tested questionnaire-based study c arried out among medical students of the Bayero University, Kano, North-West Nigeria during a two-week period in August 2008. The information from the returned questionnaire were coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 12 statistical software.A fit of 183 students filled and returned the questionnaire giving a response rate of 83.2%. Out of these respondents, 120 (65.6%) were males and the mean age of respondents was 23.2 2.5 years (Range 17 to 31). 71 (38.8%) of the medical students admitted to the practice and in that respect was no statistically significant fight among the unlike levels of medical education (p 0.05). Antibiotics from the penicillin group (ampicillin/cloxacillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin) were the most frequently used. Self-medication with antibiotics is prevalent among medical undergraduates in Northern Nigeria. There is a need for an intervention to address this practice. Key words Antibiotics, self-medication, medical undergraduates, Nigeria. INTRO DUCTIONAntibiotics are one of the most prescribed medicines worldwide (Tnger et al., 2000). Self-medication with antibiotics is a common practice in many countries in the world although the trend seems to be to a greater extent in developing or resource-poor nations (Awad et al., 2005). Some of the reasons that have been shew responsible for this trend complicate lack of access to health care,availability of antibiotics as over the counter (OTC) drugs and in open markets and poor regulatory practices (Vaananen et al., 2006). Self-medication with antibiotics has been identify as one form of irrational use of medicine contributing to *Corresponding author. E-mail jofadaregmail.com. Tel +234- 8138048127. increased healthcare costs, antimicrobial drug resistance and sometimes increased morbidity among the popu- lation (Aswapokee et al., 1990 Okeke et al., 1999).The practice of self-medication in general has been widely studied among populations of many countries in Africa, Asia and E urope (Martins et al., 2002 Yousef et al., 2008 Awad et al., 2007a). One of the factors that have been found to influence this practice is the level of education of the research participants (Afolabi, 2008). Many studies have besides previously looked at the pre- valence, nature and reasons for self-medication among university undergraduates (non-medical) in different countries of the world (Zafar et al., 2008 Sawalha, 2008 Lucas et al., 2007). There are also studies on general self-medication practices among medical undergraduates in some other countries (Buke et al., 2005 Chowdhury 218 J. Public Health Epidemiol.et al., 2009). In Nigeria, previous studies have concen- trated on general self-medication practices among the population (Afolabi, 2008) and health care workers (Bamgboye et al., 2006). This study of antibiotic self- medication practice among university medical undergraduates in Nigeria is very important as they are a segment of the population that is passing educated and with access to information regarding their health. Looking at this practice among medical undergraduates is also very vital as they represent the future generation of drug prescribers and health educationists.The understanding of the level of antibiotic self-medication practice and the reasons for it will enable for different interventional strategies. It will also help policy makers to develop approaches for a more rational use of antibiotics in the participation in general. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of antibiotic self-medication practice among university medical undergraduates in the Northern part of Nigeria. This study also sought if there is any relationship between the level of medical education and the self-medicationpractice. METHODSThe study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out among medical students of the Bayero University, Kano, North- West Nigeria during a two-week period in August 2008. Samplin gA total of two light speed and twenty self-administered questionnaires were distributed to students from different level of medical education (200 to 500 Level) using a convenient sampling system. QuestionnaireThe questionnaire which had been pre-tested among students of another faculty in the university consisted of both open and close terminate questions. The questionnaires were administered to the students through their class representatives who also returned the filled ones. The act of filling and returning of the forms was taken as consent of the students to participate and the study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The lead question was Have you practiced self-medication with antibiotics in the last two months?The epoch of two months was chosen because of the belief that recall of medication use is still very reliable within that time frame. Other questions include The reasons for indulging in self-medication, conditions for which the drugs were taken and the antibiotics that were being used. Statistical analysesThe information from the returned questionnaire were coded and entered using SPSS interlingual rendition 12 statistical software. Results were expressed as counts and percentages eyepatch Chi-square test was used for to investigate possible associations between sex, level of medical education and antibiotic self-medication practice. A p-value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for the purpose of this study. RESULTSA total of one 183 students filled and returned the questionnaire giving a response rate of 83.2%. Out of these respondents, one hundred and twenty (65.6%) were males and the mean age of all respondents was 23.2 2.5 years (Range 17 to 31 years). The distribution of the respondents according to level of medical education is fork upn in gameboard 1. In response to the questionwhether respondents had practiced self- medication in the preceding two months, 71 (38.8%) of the medical students admitted to the practice and there was no statistically significant difference among the different levels of medical education (p 0.05). Though self-medication with antibiotics was more common among the male students, this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.05). The common conditions for which the antibiotics were taken include diarrhea, cutting throat, fever, cough and catarrh among others (Table 2). Antibiotics from the penicillin group (ampicillin/cloxacillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin) were the most frequently used for self-medication among the respondents (Table 3).29 (42.6%) of the medical undergraduates who indulged in the practice did it because they considered their ailment as being mild while 24 (35.3%) were involved in it because of their past experience with the particular antibiotic. Regarding the source of the antibiotics used for self-medication, majority of the respondents (57.4%) patronized patent medicine stores while hospital and community pharmacies were the suppliers for 13 (19.1%) and 11 (16.2%) of the respondents, respectively. Only 1 respondent (1.5%) used the leftover from a previous prescription(prenominal) in this study. Majority of the medical undergraduates (89.6%) knew that the normal duration of treatment was supposed to be at least a minimum of 5 days however only 34 (49.3%) of the respondents actually completed the line of products of treatment. This study also found out that gender of the respondents did not influence significantly the practice of antibiotic self-medication (p = 0.07). DISCUSSIONSample population and self-medicationThe frequency of antibiotic self- medication observed in our study is slightly lower than that reported in similar studies in Africa (Awad and Eltayeb, 2007b) and closer to that found in population-based studies in Jordan and Lithuania (Al-Azzam et al., 2007 Berzanskyte et al., 2006). This goes to show that there might not be a signi- ficant difference in self-care or health-seeking behavior between our segment of the population and the general population. This conclusion is also supported by findings from a study on self-medication in general among Fadare and Tamuno 219Table 1. Distribution of respondents by level of medical education and practice of self-medication. University level Self-medication (Y) Self-medication (N) Total number of respondent 200 10 31 41 300 20 26 46 400 27 43 70 500 12 9 21 Missing value 2 3 5 Total 71 112 183 Table 2. Conditions for which self-medication was practiced. ConditionNo. of respondents (Percentage) looseness of the bowels 17 (24.6) Sore throat 14 (20.3) Fever 12 (17.4) Cough 6 (8.7) Catarrh 4 (5.8) Toothache 4 (5.8) Body aches 2 (2.9) Others 10 (14.5) Table 3. Commonly used antibiotics by respondents.Antibiotics Frequency (Percentage) Ampicillin/cloxacillin 15 (22.1) Amoxicillin 12 (17.6) Metronidazole 12 (17.6) Co-trimoxazole 8 (11.8) Ciprofloxacin 6 (8.8) Tetracycline 6 (8.8) Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 3 (4.4) Penicillin G 1 (1 .5) health care workers of a tertiary healthcare facility in South-West Nigeria where over 70% of them were engaged in the practice (Bamgboye et al., 2006). Another possible explanation is that the earlier quoted population- based studies were carried out in societies where the literacy levels are relatively high. It is also important to production line that such levels of antibiotic self-medication even exists in some countries with more stringent access to drugs, this being made possible by use of left-overs from previous prescriptions. clinical features and self-medicationThere are similarities in the conditions for which self- medication was practiced in our study with several other university and community-based studies (Zafar et al., 2008 Shankar et al., 2002 James et al., 2006). These findings emphasize the fact that self-medication is usually resorted to by individuals for sensed mild clinical conditions. The problem with this practice is that fever and other similar sympt oms which could be due to viral conditions are usually wrongly treated with antibiotics creating a foundation for possible development of resistance to antibiotics in addition to financial loss and possible adverse drug reactions. Antibiotic and self-medicationThe choice of the antibiotics from the penicillin group (especially ampicillin/cloxacillin and amoxicillin) by majority of respondents in our study is in keeping with findings from other studies (Awad et al., 2005 Awad and Eltayeb, 2007b Raz et al., 2005). The choice of the antibiotics from the penicillin group could be due to the following reasons 1. They are cheap, easily accessible, have a good safety profile and somehow broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The relatively low patronage of antibiotics like amoxicillin/clavulanic acid could be due to its cost (about 1500 Naira /10 US Dollars) per course of treatment, this in a country where over 60% of the population survive on less than 2 US Dollars daily. 2. It is also pertinent to note that at the moment, there are no restrictions to how and where antibiotics can be sold in Nigeria hence the easy accessibility.most of our respondents got their go forth from patent medicine stores, hospital and community pharmacies reinforcing the earlier mentioned problem of lack of regulation. This is at variance with findings from other studies where left-over from old prescriptions were the main source of supply reflecting a more regulated access to antibiotics in these societies (Awad and Eltayeb, 2007b James et al., 2006). This study revealed no strong associations between gender, level of medical education and the practice of antibiotic self-medication, a finding that is somehow different from the result of similar research in the Arabian Gulf (James et al., 2008) where the prevalence of self- medication was higher in the more major(postnominal) medical students. Presently in many medical schools in Nigeria, 220 J. Public Health Epidemiol.pharmacology is taught either before the clinical training or at its initial stage and there is no significant reinforce- ment during the latter stages. Also too much attention is being placed on the basic tone of pharmacology to the detriment of its clinical section and paying attention to this problem might be one level of intervention to address it. ConclusionThis study has shown that self-medication with antibiotics is common among medical undergraduates in Northern Nigeria. There is a need for a review of educational programs especially the teaching of clinical pharmaco- logy to include modules on self- medication and rational use of medicines. At thepolicy-making level, there is an urgent need to legislate and enforce laws restricting access to antibiotics in Nigeria. Most importantly, there is a need for a robust public enlightenment campaign to educate the populace of the disadvantages and possible complications of antibiotic self-medication. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors gratitude goes to the medical undergraduates of Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria who participated in this study. He is also grateful to the organizers of the International Training Course on the Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community, Jaipur, India where the idea for the work was conceptualized. The author was a participant in the 2008 training course and the contribution of the faculty and fellow participants is real appreciated. REFERENCESAfolabi AO (2008). Factors influencing the pattern of self-medication in an adult Nigerian population. Ann. Afr. Med., 7(3) 120-127. Al-Azzam SI, Al-Husein BA, Alzoubi F, Masadeh MM, Al-Horani MS (2007). Self-Medication with antibiotics in Jordanian population. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health, 20 (4) 373-380. Aswapokee N, Vaithayapichet S, Heller RF (1990). Pattern of antibiotic use in medical wards of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Rev. Infect. Dis., 12 (1) 136-141. Awad A, Eltayeb I, Matowe L Thalib L (2005). Self-medication with antibiotic s and antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 8 326331. Awad AI, Ball DE, Eltayeb IB (2007). Improving rational drug use in Africa the example of Sudan. East Mediterr. Health J., 13 (5) 1202- 1211. Awad AI, Eltayeb IB (2007). Self-medication practices with antibiotics and antimalarials among Sudanese undergraduate university students.Ann. Pharmacother., 41(7) 1249-1255. Bamgboye EA, Amoran OE, Yusuf OB (2006). Self medication practices among workers in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Afr. J. Med. Sci., 35(4) 411-415. Berzanskyte A, Valinteliene R, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM, Gurevicius R, Grigoryan L (2006). Self-medication with antibiotics in Lithuania. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health, 19 (4) 246-253. Buke C, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Ermertcan S, Ciceklioglu M, Tuncel M,Kse T, Eren S (2005) Irrational use of antibiotics among university students. J. Infect., 51(2) 135-139. Chowdhury N, Matin F,Chowdhury SF (2009). Medication taking behavior of students attending a private university in Bangladesh. Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health. 21 (3) 361-370. James H, Handu SS, Al Khaja KA, Otoom S, Sequeira RP (2006). Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among first-year medical students. Med. Princ. Pract., 15 (4) 270- 275. James H, Handu SS, Khaja KA, Sequeira RP (2008). act upon of medical training on self-medication by students. Int. J. Pharmacol. Ther., 46 (1)23-29. 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Self-medication and non- doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal a questionnaire-based study. BMC Fam. Pract., 3 17. Tnger O, Din G, Ozbakkaloglu B, Atman UC, Algn U (2000). Evaluation of rational antibiotic use. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 15 (2) 131-135. Vaananen MH, Pietila K, Airaksinen M (2006). Self-medication with antibiotic does it really happen in Europe, Health Policy, 77 166- 171. Yousef AM, Al-Bakri AG, Bustanji Y, Wazaify M (2008). Self-medication patterns in Amman, Jordan. Pharm World Sci., 30(1) 24-30. Zafar SN, Syed R, Waqar S, Zubairi AJ, Vaqar T , Shaikh M, Yousaf W, Shahid S, Saleem S (2008). Self-medication amongst university students of Karachi prevalence, knowledge and attitudes. J. Pak.

Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive Isotopes An isotope is one of two or more atoms with the same number of protons, and position in the biyearly table, but different number of neutrons and physical properties. Isotopes have an unstable nucleus that decay suddenly by a release of nuclear electrons and radiation. This essay pull up stakes be discussing one of the applications and uses of the radioactive isotopes, and it will also state one problem that radioactive isotopes can address. The radiation characteristically meet four kinds important radiation, beta radiation, gamma radiation and x radiation.Alpha radiation is weighty, that includes a very-short variety element and is in fact a homeless helium nucleus. Some examples of of import radiation be radium, radon, uranium, and thorium. Beta radiation is weightless, has short-range particles and is in fact a cast out electron some examples of beta radiation are strontium -90, carbon-14, tritium, and sulphur-35. Gamma and x radiation are extremely incis ive electromagnetic rays. One of the problems Ill be discussing and is actually solved by radioactive isotopes is a cancer cell.Radiation therapy draws on high-energy radiation to damage on cancer cells by damaging their DNA, unfortunately it can also damage regulation cells, so as a result the treatment must be circumspectly designed to reduce side effects. X rays offers huge advantages, counting the forward discovery of cancer and the opportunity of premature action, their use is linked with minute improves in cancer danger. In attendance the agreement vision is the profit of exhibit women over 50 years old, ignorantly prevail over the associated risks due to radiation experience.Typical effective doses from diagnostic medical exposures in the 1990s Diagnostic summons Typical effective does in millisieverts Equivalent number of chest x-rays Approximate equivalent period of natural background radiation (1) X ray tryout - Limbs and joints (except hip)

Definitions of Environmental Science Legislation

a.The Air bet, 1981B.The body of water carry, 1974 phase Celsiuss.The Environment Protection act, 1986vitamin D.The Wildlife Protection puzzle out, 1971vitamin E.Agenda-21The Air Act, 1981Definitions.In this Act, unless the condition other(a)wise requires, ( a ) breed pollutant intend each solid, liquid or flubeous warmheartedness 2 ( including noise ) nowadays in the ambiance in much(prenominal) concentration as may be or be given to be deleterious to human existences or other life animals or workss or belongings or environment ( B ) air pollution nitty-gritty the presence in the ambiance of some(prenominal) air( degree Celsius ) pass contraptions means whatever equipment or appliance used for the delivery of any combustible stuff or for bring forthing or devouring any smoke, gas of particulate affair and authorize by the bow age for the intent of this Act ( vitamin D ) approved fuel means any fuel approved by the State carte for the intents of this Act ( vitamin E ) car means any vehicle powered either by internal burning locomotive engine or by any method of bring forthing power to drive much(prenominal) vehicle by firing fuel ( degree Fahrenheit ) gore means the Central posting or State Board ( g ) key Board- means the 3 Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution firebrand up under subdivision 3 of the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974 ( H ) chimney includes any construction with an gap or mercantile mental home from or through which any air pollutant may be emitted,( I ) curtail equipment means any setup, device, equipment or system to didactics the quality and mode of wage hike of any air pollutant and includes any device used for procuring the efficient operation of any industrial works ( J ) emanation means any solid or liquid or gaseous substance coming out of any chimney, canal or fluke or any other mercantile establishment ( K ) industrial works means a ny works used for any industrial or bargain intents and breathing any air pollutant into the ambiance ( cubic decimeter ) member means a member of the Central Board or a State Board, as the authority may be, and includes the Chairman thereof,4 ( m ) occupier , in congeneric to any mill or premises, means the individualist who has support over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises, and includes, in relation to any substance, the individual in posse ssion of the substance ( N ) prescribed agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act by the Cardinal governing or as the instance may be, the State authorities ( O ) State Board mleans, ( I ) in relation to a State in which the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974, is in force and the State Government has constituted for that State a 5 State Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution under subdivision 4 of that Act, the said State Board and( two ) in relation to any other State, the State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution constituted by the State Government under subdivision 5 of this Act.The Water Act, 1974( 1 ) This Act may be called the Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974.( 2 ) It applies in the starting signal case to the whole of the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and the Union Territories and it shall use to such other State which adopts this Act by declaration passed in that behalf under clause ( 1 ) of bind 252 of the Constitution.( 3 ) It shall come into force, at one time in the States of Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and in the Union districts, and in any other State which adopts this Act under clause ( 1 ) of article 252 of the Constitution on the day of the month o f such acceptance and any mention in this Act to the beginning of this Act shall, in relation to any State or Union district, mean the day of the month on which this Act comes into force in such State or Union district.DEFINITIONS.In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, ( a ) Board means the Central Board or a State Board ( B ) Central Board means the Central Pollution Control Board Constituted under subdivision 3 ( degree Celsius ) member means a member of a Board and includes the president thereof ( vitamin D ) occupier , in relation to any mill or premises, means the individual who has control over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises, and includes, in relation to any substance, the individual in ownership of the substance ( vitamin D ) mercantile establishment includes any conduit pipe or channel, untied or closed transporting sewerage or trade wastewater or any other retention stipulation which causes or is likely to do, pollution ( vitamin E ) pollution agencies such taint of water communicate or such change of the physical, chemical or biological belongingss of H2O or such discharge of any sewerage or trade wastewater or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into H2O ( whether straight or indirectly ) as may, or is likely to, make a nuisance or render such H2O libellous or deleterious to general wellness or safety, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate utilizations, or to the life and wellness of renovate beings or workss or of aquatic beings ( degree Fahrenheit ) prescribed agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act by the Cardinal Government or, as the instance may be, the State Government ( g ) sewage wastewater means flush from any sewage system or sewerage disposal plants and includes sullage from unfastened drains ( gg ) sewer means any conduit pipe or channel, unfastened or closed, transporting sewerage or trade wastewater ( H ) State Boar d means a State Pollution Control Board constituted under subdivision 4( I ) State Government in relation to a Union district means the Administrator thereof appointed under article 239 of the Constitution ( J ) watercourse includes-( I ) river ( two ) H2O classify ( whether fluxing or for the clip being dry ) ( three ) inland H2O ( whether natural or unreal ) ( four ) sub-terranean Waterss ( V ) sea or tidal Waterss to such extent or, as the instance may be, to such point as the State Government may, by presentment in the Official Gazette, make up ones mind in this behalf ( K ) trade wastewater includes any liquid, gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for transporting on any Industry, operation or procedure, or intervention and disposal system , other than domestic sewerage.DefinitionIn this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, ( a ) environment includes H2O, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists among and between H2O, air and land, and human existences, other life animals, workss, microorganism and belongings ( B ) environmental pollutant means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance nowadays in such concentration as may be, or be given to be, deleterious to environment ( degree Celsius ) environmental pollution means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant ( vitamin D ) managing , in relation to any substance, means the industry, processing, intervention, bundle, storage, transit, usage, aggregation, devastation, transition, offering for sale, transportation or the similar of such substance ( vitamin E ) regretful substance means any substance or training which, by ground of its chemical or physico-chemical belongingss or handling, is apt to do injury to human existences, other life animals, works, microorganism, belongings or the environment ( degree Fahrenheit ) occupier , in relation to any mill or premises, means a individual who has, control over the personal businesss of the mill or the premises and includes in relation to any substance, the individual in ownership of the substance ( g ) prescribed agencies prescribed by regulations made under this Act. e Environment Protection act, 1986Power OF Cardinal GOVERNMENT TO TAKE MEASURES TO PROTECT AND IMPROVE ENVIRONMENT( 1 ) Subject to the commissariats of this Act, the Cardinal Government, shall hold the power to take all such steps as it deems necessary or advantageous for the intent of protecting and bettering the quality of the environment and forestalling commanding and slaking environmental pollution.( 2 ) In peculiar, and without bias to the generalization of the commissariats of sub-section ( 1 ) , such steps may include steps with impact to all or any of the undermentioned affairs, viz. ( I ) co-ordination of saves by the State Governments, officers and other governments ( a ) under this Act, or the regulations made thereunder, or( B ) under any other jurisprudence f or the clip being in force which is relatable to the objects of this Act ( two ) planning and executing of a nation-wide programme for the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ( three ) puting down criterions for the quality of environment in its respective(a) facets ( four ) puting down criterions for emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants from assorted beginnings whatsoeverProvided that incompatible criterions for emanation or discharge may be fit(p) down under this clause from different beginnings holding respect to the quality or composing of the emanation or discharge of environmental pollutants from such beginnings ( V ) limitation of countries in which any industries, operations or procedures or category of industries, operations or procedures shall non be carried out or shall be carried out open to certain precautions ( six ) puting down processs and precautions for the bar of accidents which may do environmental pollution and remedial steps for such accidents ( seven ) puting down processs and precautions for the handling of risky substances ( eight ) scrutiny of such fabrication procedures, stuffs and substances as are likely to do environmental pollution ( nine ) transporting out and patronizing probes and research associating to jobs of environmental pollution ( ten ) review of any premises, works, equipment, machinery, fabrication or other procedures, stuffs or substances and giving, by collection, of such waies to such governments, officers or individuals as it may hang necessary to take stairss for the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ( eleven ) constitution or acknowledgment of environmental research labs and institutes to transport out the maps entrusted to such environmental research labs and institutes under this Act ( twelve ) aggregation and airing of information in regard of affairs associating to environmental pollution ( thirteen ) readying of manuals, codifications or ushers ass ociating to the bar, control and suspension of environmental pollution ( fourteen ) such other affairs as the Cardinal Government deems necessary or expedient for the intent of procuring the effectual execution of the commissariats of this Act.( 3 ) The Cardinal Government may, if it considers it necessary or expedient so to make for the intent of this Act, by order, published in the Official Gazette, constitute an imprimatur or governments by such name or names as may be specified in the order for the intent of exerting and executing such of the powers and maps ( including the power to publish waies under subdivision 5 ) of the Cardinal Government under this Act and for taking steps with regard to such of the affairs referred to in sub-section ( 2 ) as may be mentioned in the order and topic to the supervising and control of the Cardinal Government and the commissariats of such order, such authorization or governments may exert and powers or execute the maps or take the steps so m entioned in the order as if such authorization or governments had been empowered by this Act to exert those powers or execute those maps or take such steps.APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS AND THEIR POWERS AND FUNCTIONS( 1 ) Without bias to the commissariats of sub-section ( 3 ) of subdivision 3, the Cardinal Government may name officers with such appellation as it thinks tantrum for the intents of this Act and may intrust to them such of the powers and maps under this Act as it may hold tantrum.( 2 ) The officers appointed under sub-section ( 1 ) shall be capable to the general control and way of the Cardinal Government or, if so directed by that Government, besides of the authorization or governments, if any, constituted under sub- subdivision ( 3 ) of subdivision 3 or of any other authorization or officer.Power TO GIVE DIRECTIONSNotwithstanding anything contained in any other jurisprudence but capable to the commissariats of this Act, the Cardinal Government may, in the exercising of its powers and public presentation of its maps under this Act, issue waies in composing to any individual, officer or any authorization and such individual, officer or authorization shall be bound to follow with such waies.Explanation For the turning away of uncertainties, it is herewith declared that the power to publish waies under this subdivision includes the power to direct ( a ) the closing, prohibition or ordinance of any industry, operation or procedure or( B ) arrest or ordinance of the supply of electricity or H2O or any other service.Rules TO REGULATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION( 1 ) The Cardinal Government may, by presentment in the Official Gazette, make regulations in regard of all or any of the affairs referred to in subdivision( 2 ) In peculiar, and without bias to the generalization of the predating power, such regulations may supply for all or any of the undermentioned affairs, viz. ( a ) the criterions of quality of air, H2O or dirt for assorted countries and intents ( B ) the maximal allowable boundary of concentration of assorted environmental pollutants ( including noise ) for different countries ( degree Celsius ) the processs and precautions for the handling of risky substances ( vitamin D ) the prohibition and limitations on the handling of risky substances in different countries ( vitamin E ) the prohibition and limitation on the location of industries and the transporting on procedure and operations in different countries ( degree Fahrenheit ) the processs and precautions for the bar of accidents which may do environmental pollution and for supplying for remedial steps for such accidents.The Wildlife Protection Act, 1971The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 is an Indian statute law enacted by the Parliament of India for protection of workss and ignorant species. Before 1972, India merely had five designated national Parkss. Among other reforms, the Act established agendas of protected works and carnal species runing or reaping these specie s was mostly outlawed.The Act provides for the protection of loopy animate beings, birds and workss and for affairs connected therewith or accessory or incidental thereto. It extends to the whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has its ain wildlife act. It has six agendas which give changing grades of protection. Agenda I and dowery II of Schedule II supply absolute protection offenses under these are prescribed the highest punishments. Speciess listed in Schedule terzetto and Schedule IV are besides protected, but the punishments are much lower. Schedule V includes the animate beings which may be hunted. The workss in Schedule VI are prohibited from cultivation and planting. The hunting to the Enforcement governments have the power to intensify offenses under this Schedule ( i.e. they impose mulcts on the wrongdoers ) . Up to April 2010 there have been 16 strong beliefs under this act associating to the decease of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams.Defini tion* carnal includes amphibious vehicles, birds, mammals, and reptilians, and their immature, and besides includes, in the instances of birds and reptilians, their eggs.* carnal article means an article made from any confined or wild animate being, other than varmints, and includes an article or object in which the whole or any portion of such animate being has been used and an article made therefrom.* hunting includes( a ) capturing, killing, poisoning, traping, or pin downing any wild animate being, and every effort to make so( B ) driving any wild animate being for any of the intents specified in bomber clause( degree Celsius ) injuring, destructing or taking any body portion of any such animate being, or in the instance of wild birds or reptilians, upseting or prejudicious the eggs or nests of such birds or reptilians.* taxidermy means the hardening, readying or saving of trophies.* booty means the whole or any portion of any confined or wild animate being ( other t han varmint ) which has been kept or preserved by any agencies, whether unreal or natural. This includes( a ) carpet, teguments, and specimens of such animate beings mounted in whole or in portion through a procedure of taxidermy( B ) antler, horn, rhinoceros horn, feather, nail, tooth, musk, eggs, and nests.* uncured trophy means the whole or any portion of any confined animate being ( other than varmint ) which has non undergone a procedure of taxidermy. This includes a new killed wild animate being, ambergris, musk and other carnal merchandises.* varmint means any wild animate being specified in Schedule V.* wildlife includes any animate being, bees, butterflies, crustacean, fish and moths and aquatic or land flora which forms portion of any home groundAgenda-21Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action program of the United Nations with respect to sustainable development. 1 It is a merchandise of the UN Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is an action set for the UN, other many-sided organisations, and single authoritiess around the universe that can be executed at local, national, and planetary degrees. The 21 in Agenda 21 refers to the ordinal Century. It has been affirmed and modified at subsequent UN conferences.Structure and contentsAgenda 21 is a 300-page papers divided into 40 chapters that have been grouped into 4 subdivisions* Section I Social and Economic Dimensions is directed toward battling poorness, particularly in developing states, altering ingestion forms, advancing wellness, accomplishing a more sustainable population, and sustainable colony in determination devising.* Section II Conservation and Management of Resources for Development Includes atmospheric protection, battling deforestation, protecting delicate environments, preservation of biological diverseness ( biodiversity ) , control of pollution and the direction of biotechnology, and radioact ive wastes.* Section III Strengthening the Role of Major Groups includes the functions of kids and young person, adult females, NGOs, local governments, concern and industry, and workers and beef uping the function of endemic peoples, their communities, and husbandmans.* Section IV Meanss of Execution execution includes scientific discipline, engineering transportation, instruction, international establishments and fiscal mechanisms.

Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper Essay

The core sentiments of care for theories are the building blocks of each(prenominal) nurse theory model, which take the fundamentals views of psyche, environment, wellness and nursing. Incorporating the general ideologies of nursing principles and practice, the four concepts display the air nursing examines and treat persons within the nursing continuum. While these four concepts are interdepended with angiotensin converting enzyme another, each one stems from the formation of the idea that comes before. These concepts guides nurses in their everyday practices. According to Brilowski and Wendler (2005), nurses embody the ideas as they assess, plan, and deliver fearfulness. This paper willing identify the core concepts from theorist Jean Watson and Sister Callista Roy, as well as comparing the ii theories and how nursings implication and application to nursing practice is found on them. breast feeding has been based on the practice of delivering care, insuring the welfare of graciouss and assisting them in meeting their gather ups whilst providing reproduction on how to care for themselves.Account business leader lies with the nursing concern that they promote good health, disease prevention, and providing care to the ill and dying enduring. Nursing has been known to be an art as well as a wisdom that is ever evolving. Science, theories and nursing practice has been the root word to elevating nursing as a profession. Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model (RAM) implies that nursing is a scientific discipline that focuses on practice (Andrews & Roy, 1991). RAM describes nursing as the promotion of interlingual rendition and health that involves intervention the fifth step of the nursing process that describes the best method to financial backing the long-suffering in reaching their goals. According to Andrews and Roy (1991), Roys nursing objective is the promotion of adaptation in each of the four modes, thereby contributing to the persons he alth, quality of life and dying withdignity. Nurses need to discover paths to maintain a compassionate practice regardless of the professional difficulties and Jean Watsons fondness theory is key to obtaining this goal. Jean Watson (1988) shares nursing as a social science of human health and disease experiences adjudicated by scientific, professional, personal, esthetic, and ethical personal care communications.According to Watson (1988), working as an mechanic is characteristic of the nurses fibre, and is a crucial part of providing care to patients and their families. The goal of nursing is health promotion, disease prevention, caring for the sick and the restoration of health (Watson, 1988). Watson goes on to say that holistic care is crucial to the practice of the caring nurse. Jean Watsons Theory of humans Caring also known as The Caring Model has gone through revisions since its origination in 1979. Watsons principles of theory are the carative factors, which include th e transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring atomic number 42 (2001). Watson constructed the model in order to define nursing as a well-developed profession, which emphasizes on quality and caring. She proceeds to introduce seven assumptions about the science of caring and theorizes that caring encompasses carative factors with the figure sequel to be fulfilling to specific personal require, which supports health, and personal/family growth. According to Watson (1988), the science of caring compliments the science of curing in which the practice of caring is fundamental to nursing.According to Watson (2014), transpersonal caring relationships are the foundation and lead a concern for the interior life world and subjective meaning of another who is fully corporeal. Watson (2014), transpersonal seeks to attribute with and embrace the spirit or soul of the other through the process of caring and mend and being in authentic relation, in the moment. Transpersonal caring cal ls for the nurse to be genuine, and in the moment and have the ability to focus on caring, healing and wholeness rather than on the disease and nausea (Watson, 2014). The link between nursing and caring can heal due to increased knowledge, experience and earnest contact. This contact describes how the nurse transcends a neutral evaluation, and the expression of interest towards an individualistics personal and ambiguous essence relating to his/her own personal health. According to Watson (2001) the providing person and the person receiving care connect in support of pursuing meaning, wholeness, and possibly for the spiritualexistence of suffering.The focus of transpersonal caring is to conserve, improve, and sustain the morality of an individuals humanism, integrity and tranquility. Watson uses the carative factors as a standard for nursings concentration and applies the expression carative factors to differentiate from tralatitious medicines curative factors. The emphasis of h er carative factors is to honor the social dimensions of nursings work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve (Watson, 1997b). Whereas curative factors aim at curing the patient of disease, carative factors aim at the caring process that helps the person attain (or maintain) health or die a peaceful death (Watson, 1985, p. 7). Watsons framework on the science of caring is constructed around ten carative factors, and benefits nurses with the spoken language of care to patients. Jeans first three Caritas sets the theoretical tone for the science of caring and lays the foundation for the remaining seven processes. The humanistic-altruistic system of values is crucial to the nursing process and toward the maturation of nurses.Instilling look forward to and faith to the patient is a vital component to the caring and curing model. When a patient education has run its course, what is left is instilling hope and faith in order to cultivate a sense of w ellness, which may become instrumental to them. The nurturing of information to oneself and others examines the nurses need to initiate experiences and emotions as it displays. When nurses practice sensitivity, it brings on a more genuine and trusdeucerthy impression, which motivates self-maturity and self-actualization. So as nurses who articulate person-to-person relationships, health and sophisticated mien is promoted. Good communication skills which entails verbal and non-verbal as well as listening, exhibits a caring personality and creates caring and rapport with the patient. The ability to acknowledge affirmative and negative connotations increases level of run intoing and the awareness of such emotions helps understand the behavior that is being conveyed.Watson (1990) insinuates that feelings modify thoughts and behaviors for deliberation and allowance in a caring connection. She continues to elevate the individual character of nursing and advocates the necessity to evalua te and formulate further methods of practice to implement a holistic prelude. The caring nurse should also include an emphasis on the learning process in appurtenance to teaching. When a nurse can accept and understand a personsattitude regarding his/her status, it lends the ability of the nurse to create a cognitive plan. While considering the requirements for a caring, protecting, and curative emotional, physical, socio-cultural, and spiritual environment, Watson segregates the factor into two variables internal and external interdependent. Nurses utilize these variables in an effort to gain support and protection for the persons emotional and physical well-being. Offering assistance of fulfilling the human need is a hierarchy of need that is equal to Maslow.Watson constructed a hierarchy that is important to the science of caring and for the quality of nursing care whilst promoting optimal health. The way in which human existence comprehends each other allows the nurse to inco rporate and reconcile inconsistencies of how the perception of the person as a holistic being, while focusing on the hierarchical arrangement. This enables the nurse to assist the patient in discovering strengths and courage when facing life or death. At the moment of caring, the nurse and the patient connect in such a way that creates an opportunity for humanistic caring (Watson, 1985). Both persons connect only when in a person-to-person interaction. Watson (1999) eludes to the fact that caring time becomes transpersonal when it affirms the appearance of the spirit of two and the opportunity to expand the confines of openness and personal capabilities transpires.An individual is identified as a person who has biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial and intrapersonal needs that requires respect and care. Watson (1988) lends an explanation that a person is an existence within the world that embraces three realms of being, mind, body, and soul that is enliven by the self-concep t, and who is free to make choices. Spirituality upholds a leading importance in the nursing profession and ascertains that the care of the soul is the most prominent characteristic in the art of nursing (Watson, 1997a).In conclusion, the concept of nursing as a science that is the culmination of personal behaviors, practices, proficiency, and experiences through a holistic approach. This approach enables the nurse to develop an approach that is effective in providing optimal care. Implementation of The Roy Adaptation Model enhances the role of nurses by clarifying and increasing interdisciplinary involvement. Watsons theory encourages nurses to base their nursing process on her caring model and implement the art of caring by providing compassionate care. Caring out the sales talk of Watsons theorywill augment the nursing process and the delivery of care that are both gratifying and stimulating.ReferencesAndrews, H., & Roy, C. (1991). The Adaptation Model. Norwalk, CT Appleton & La nge. Brilowski, G., & Wendler, M. (2005). An evolutionary concept analysis of caring. Journal of Advance Nursing, 50(6), 641-650. Watson, J. (1985). Nursing Human Science and Human Care, a Theory of Nursing. Norwalk, CT Appleton-Century-Crofts. Watson, J. (1988). Nursing Human Science and Human Care. A Theory of Nursing (2nd printing). Norwalk, CT Appleton-Century-Crofts. Watson, J. (1990). Caring knowledge and informed moral passion. Advances in Nursing Science, 13(1), 15-24. Watson, J. (1997a). nontextual matter of caring Heart and soul of nursing. In D., Marks-Maran & P. Rose (Eds.), Nursing Beyond art and sciences. Boulder, CO atomic number 27 Associated University Press. Watson, J. (1997b). The theory of human caring Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 49-52. Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson Theory of human caring. In M.E. Parker (Ed.) Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA Davis. Watson, J. (2014). Caring Science Theory and Researc h. Retrieved from http//watsoncaringscience.org

Critical response to ‘Z for Zachariah’ Essay

The give-and-take I larn is Z for Zachariah by Robert C. OBrien. I enjoyed this intensity because it contained few entirely excellent characters and is full of closed guard and suspense.Z for Zachariah is about a sixteen-year-old girl, c solelyed Ann appoint who presupposes she is the only person to survive a nuclear war. However, as her daybook entries progress, you learn of a person in a green suit who is pulling what looks cargon a trailer covered with the same green material as the suit approaching Ann blames valley. Later in the diary you find out that the person is a man who had been an industrial chemist before the war, working for the Government designing a suit to protect people in the event of a nuclear explosion. His name is Mr Loomis and he is wearing the only superstar of these suits. When Mr Loomis finally arrives in the valley, he is amazed by the feature that there is pissing, which appears to be safe but Mr Loomis makes one fearful mistake.When he ch ecks the water for the level of radiation with his Geiger counter he in fact checks the clean water in the stream but thusly goes on to venture further down the valley, where he finds Ann Burdens home where the polluted Burden Creek is nearby. Once Mr Loomis has seen inside Anns house (where Ann has vigorously hidden any clues that could show the visitor that there has been people living there recently) he then proceeds towards Burden Creek in the hope of getting his rootage bath in plausibly months.However, not realising that the stream and Creek are not connected and in fact the Creek runs into the valley from over the pile where the pollution is, he jumps right in. Within a very short extent of sentence afterwards Mr Loomis has had his bath he became very ill, as he had been exposed to a stilt of radiation. When Mr Loomis becomes down in the mouth Ann then fancys she will maintain to help him and that is when she first shows herself. Anns diary entries take you move intoe the events that happen when she is and is not in the company of Mr Loomis.My favourite part of the book is the first three diary entries. In these diary entries Mr Loomis has not yet arrived in the valley however Ann has seen wad from over the hill for three days, which she presumes is from a human made fire because it is in a thin column that it rises. The smoke comes at the same time everyday, in late afternoon. Each afternoon the smoke is nearer to Anns home. I like this part of the book the most because in it you find out what it has been like for Ann existence alone for so long because her family left her to look for other people and had never returned. It is interesting to ingest Anns perspectives of being excited and scared that she may in fact not be the only person left in the world. It is taken for granted(predicate) wherefore Ann would be excited about virtuallyone else glide path into the valley but maybe not so clear why she would be scared.Ann is scared b ecause after the nuclear explosion some radio stations had still broadcasted, but towards the end of them broadcasting the presenters seemed to be red crazy. Here is a quote from the second diary portal which will let off why Ann is scared Suppose a car came over the hill, and I ran out, and whoever was in it got out suppose he was crazy? Or suppose it was someone mean, or cruel, and brutal? A murderer? What could I do? after(prenominal) this quote, you infer that Ann is a very sensible and careful person because she decides to move her things to a sabotage nearby her home and make it look as though no one has lived in her house. That port she peck watch whoever is coming into her valley and if they are crazy or mean she toilette carry on in the cave unbeknown to the visitor and wait until they leave. At the end of the third diary entry Ann has still not seen anyone but knows that they are camping at the crossroads and exploring North, conspiracy, East, West and when they come into the South they will find Anns valley.The most remarkable character in the book I think is Ann Burden. She is careful, mature, kind, helpful, sensible, confused, and strategic/logical. In the following paragraph I will explain why Ann Burden is all of the things I have just saidThe reason I think Ann is careful is because when Mr Loomis is first enter the valley she goes to the cave to live there as she does not know if Mr Loomis is safe. During the book Z for Zachariah you realise that in fact even though Ann is only sixteen she is more mature than Mr Loomis who is quite a bit older than Ann. The proof that shows this, is all of the words I am using to describe her and she as well as thinks about having children to begin the human-race again. The words kind, helpful and sensible describe Ann well because when Mr Loomis is ill with radiation toxic condition she helps him and is kind to him even though hes a stranger.Also Ann still helps Mr Loomis after he tried to rape her she gives him half of everything i.e. eggs, milk and chicken and lets him have the comforts of her home while she moves into the cave. It is obvious that Ann is confused, as she does not know why Mr Loomis is being so horrible to her especially when she has done everything she can to be nice to him and to help him. The last words to describe Ann are strategic and logical I think these words describe Ann well because when she does not want Mr Loomis to find her she thinks about what he can and cannot see e.g. when she builds a fire she thinks about where and how to build it so Mr Loomis cant see it she also thinks about what time of the day to light it.The mood of Z for Zachariah is in diary form. Throughout the book there were not many figures of speech, however, there were a few similes, here is a quote from the book that describes Anns dog Faro when he has returned from the dead lands where there is radiation, in it there is a simile as thin as a skeleton. The structure of Z for Zachariah is in chronological order, each event occurrence in an order that makes sense and makes the story more raging and interesting. During the book, there is not much bespeak speech as the genre of the book is in diary form so it contains more of the thoughts and feelings of Ann Burden.The news reports in the book are effects of modern technology, survival, dominance, bullying, age against youth, optimism/realism, breeding, art v science and religion v atheism. In the following sentences, I will discuss the themes that occur in Z for Zachariah. The first theme effects of modern technology is the theme that allowed the story to occur because nothing in the book would have happened had there not been a nuclear explosion. The themes of survival, dominance and age against youth are all conjugated together and are in a look very similar to each other. These three themes are perchance the strongest and most occurring ones throughout the book, I will explain why survival of course is going to be a major issue, Ann is the one who thinks about this the most having thought of growing her own crops, so when the supplies run out in the shop she will still have food to survive, and that is just one example.Throughout the book Mr Loomis tries to be the stereotypical Alpha male, he wants everything to be done his own way and to be done by him. For example when Ann said she would go into the town with the safe suit to make books, even though Mr Loomis is still ill he refuses to let her go, perhaps thinking she is incapable or he could have been worried she wouldnt come back with the safe suit, although I think the first scenario is more likely. The only time Mr Loomis seemed to let Ann do things her way is when he could not do things for himself, however, he never admitted it. Age against youth is another strong theme as throughout the book you realise that Mr Loomis even though he is older he is not always wiser and more mature, in fact Ann is definitely t he more mature of the two characters.Optimism and realism are two words that can explain Ann and Mr Loomis completely different personalities. Ann being the optimist who thinks that the results of an action will always be good and Mr Loomis being the realist he makes decisions based on facts and not on false hope. Throughout the book breeding is a theme, but more with Ann she thinks towards the future and beginning the human-race again. The theme of art v science is one that occurs throughout the book. As Ann is interested in art and Mr Loomis is interested in science, a few quarrels occur between them. However, quarrels is perhaps the wrong word because Mr Loomis always seemed to get his own way. Again, I will use the example of when Ann precious to use the safe suit to collect some engineering and physics books for Mr Loomis she also suggested that she get some for herself.Such as poetry. Yet Mr Loomis refused and said, You could not go. Understand that. Keep away from the suit. Never touch it. After Mr Loomis had given Ann his lecture, she could not understand why he had become so angry. It was alright if he cherished something but as soon as Ann precious something to do with her interests, it was in like manner much of a risk. worship v atheism is a theme in the book. Ann being the religious one and Mr Loomis the atheist. I dont think Ann is strongly religious, I just think she finds going to the church and praying a substantial factor. Earlier I said Mr Loomis is an atheist. This means that he doesnt believe that any god or gods exist, therefore he does not understand why Ann would want to go to the church and waste her time praying.I enjoyed this book because there were few characters, which allowed you to get to know them better. I also liked the style of the book being in diary form because you didnt have to read the minute by minute accounts of what is happening in the book you only get to read the exciting and more intense parts which would be w ritten in a diary. The thing that made the book a puny boring was the fact that there werent many different figures of speech.The length I though was too long, some parts of the book seemed to be dragged out to give it a longer length, for example when Mr Loomis is sick the book got a little boring because in the diary entries you really were only told what Ann had did that day, there wasnt enough character interaction. One thing that I thought ruined the book was the ending, I thought it was exciting when you were told that there was hope that there could be other people still living and you wanted to keep reading and know if there was anyone else out there, but it just stopped. Taking the entire book into account my opinion is that it is quite good as I think it gives a good acumen into what could happen if there is a nuclear explosion it is realistic.

Is Herodotus the father of History or the father of lies? Essay

In Evaluating whether Herodotus was a Historian or an extremely charismatic fictionteller, we must non look at Herodotus The Histories through a modern judgmental eye but sooner through one of a person that should be fascinated that a man called himself an inquirer ,about a founding that was filled with so much un cognizes of which he discovered more than of everyday.Herodotus distinguishes to his readers the mere fact that his whole lifes lam could very well be invariable tale of foe and disillusion or a series of facts encrypted in his narratives about the era and eveingts that surround him but all he did was simply keep a record of what people had told him and things he had later on investigated I am obliged to report stories that come my focus but in no way inclined to believe them.However this in addition gives reason for modern historians to clash on whether Herodotus could be held likely for his legitimacy as a historian (even if the word originally meant an inqui ry, exactly what Herodotus claims to gather in been doing)and the authenticity of his sources even if through them he has given up us a further insight to the Hellenic Period.Nevertheless to load a person of falsity one must not simply look at worlds Herodotus has possibly created but his time in the one he actually lived in. Although little is known about Herodotus life other the fact he was born in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor and that must have been from the upper class since he had the financial capability to travel, many things can be inferred about his character and therefore the credibility of his writing.What is clear is his curiosity about past pillowcases and different cultures usance all of which Herodotus wanted to learn commencementhand not just by reading but rather experiencing them first hand either by visiting distant lands such as Egypt where they occurred but also by hearing about them from as many people who had lived through them themselves, only to conclu de and path his own opinion.Being the first of his kind to actually research his material and question it and use a variety of different sources to create it, Herodotus having the claim to the title Father of History it can only simulate he is worthy of it, being a pioneer and revolutionary of his era and paved the way for emerging inquirers to learn from his methods and investigate events, just so.Herodotus begins with a monumental phrase of his pure intentions so that human actions may not become forgotten in time and most great and howling(a) deeds-some displayed by Greeks, some by barbarians-may not be without their glory and to discover some reasoning on the origins of why battles began show why two people fought with each other. He initially presented his depart in oral theatrical manner to an audience of Greeks in Greece. Presented to an audience who is much unlike a reader preferences in the sense that all an audiences wishes is to be entertained rather than informed and educated.Herodotus toured Greek cities primarily during festivals, and gave personal performances to Greek audiences then got payed in return. Thefore some over dramatic elements of his writing can only be overdue to his attempt to captivate his audience. After Herodotus passed away editors separated his lifes work Histories into nine books. The first five books look into the past to try to explain the rise and fall of the Iranian Empire. They describe the geographical elements of each state the Persians conquered and gives us insight on their customs.Herodotus uses phrases such as match to the Persian account to show that the Greeks probably had a different way of viewing the same event (in this case on how Io came to Egypt in Book One). The following four books is the story of the war itself, consisting of the invasions of Greece by Persian emperors Darius and Xerxes to the Greek victories at Salamis, Plataea and Mycale in 480 and 479 B. C. Herodotus work parallels mytholog y, and at numerous times gives mythological accounts.Mythology fundamentally are stories based on an altered version of truth and accompanied by a immense development in imagination and creatitivy. Most of Herodotus narratives are identified as mythological which is problematic in essence. A prime example is Herodotus in his first passage in The Histories where he narrates a ascorbic acid old tale of Lydian Royalty and how it came to be that Lydian monarchy changed from the family of the reigning king Candaules and fell into the hands of his servant Gyges.The story has a natural appeal to any audience due to one of Herodotuss main constitution revenge and other factors such as his use of violence one of you must die either my husband, the author of the wicked plot or you, who have outraged propriety by seeing me bare-ass , whether this story has any truth in it, it will be definitely be disregarded due to the tale being as old as it is and even if it had not been subject to neig hborhood gossip, some(prenominal) source had told him the story must have been extremely well informed to know the specific details on what happened in exclusive parts of society.Thucydides who relied mainly only factual evidence and criticized Herodotus for just this greatly and for his aimless storytelling and insertion of fables in his narratives. Another landmark in Herodotus narratives is his use of oracles and their pivotal determining usage not only to influence decisions but also to instill fear into obedience not even the terrifying warnings of the oracle at Delphi and the focus on the significance to powerful individuals for instance, according to Herodotus, one of the oracles given to the Athenians during the Persian invasion of 480 B.C. was the wooden wall only shall not fall, but help you and your children).While some Athenians interpreted this literally that the prophecy referred to the survival of the Athenian Acropolis from destruction, others thought the wall of wood as ships. However, the last mentioned interpretation failed to make sense of the last two lines of the prophecy, Blessed Salamis, you will be the death of mothers sons, When the corn whiskey is scattered, or the harvest gathered in.It was interpreted that if the Athenians were to engage the Persians in a naval battle, they were fate to lose. Despite this unfavorable omen, an Athenian commander called Themistocles decided to dismiss the oracle by arguing that if the Athenians were doomed, the odour of the oracle would have not have been expressed in such mild language. The Athenians were convinced, perhaps not by Themistocles interpretation, but by the fact that it would be better to fight the Persians, rather than not do anything, as seemingly suggested by the Oracle.The Athenians gained a decisive victory over the Persians, and was the turning organize of the second Persian invasion of Greece. However After one Xerxes has a terrifying Dream Artabanus is represent to give revolutionary advice to Xerxes that dreams do not come from god but rather what we have been cerebration about during the day even if ultimately it was decided that vision seen in Xerxes dream was godsent.Naturally along with his ability to dramatize and over emphasize Herodotus also has a Proathenian Bias and presents a less praiseworthy side of Sparta and their imperialist inclinations such as Spartas early attempts to conquer Tegea and Cleomenes I attacking Argos where Herodotus reports that a large proportion of Argive infantry (6000 men) were killed in the conflict although the city itself was not taken and Argos who was erst a worthy opponent of Sparta now was left so short of men, that the management of town personal matters fell into the hands of the slaves.To answer the question whether Herodotus is The father of Histories or the father of lies one must first understand the significance of Herodotus work and not dismiss any accuracy, we do know exists such as how many Persians and Athenians where killed in the battle of Marathon. Even If the facts are hidden beneath layers of captivating storytelling and gossip this does not give reason for Herodotus to be a fabricator of events . His technique in collecting and examining evidence is uninitiate and thus his title of Father of History is not one that should be altered.